One of René Magritte's (1898-1967) favorite themes was bowler-hat men, used repeatedly in the paintings of this famous Belgian surrealist. Despite many attempts at analysis of Magritte's symbolism by art historians, it became obvious that a consensus could not be reached. Perhaps Magritte's use of daily objects in unusual positions and combinations proved that one can't look for symbolism or a big story behind every objet de art, as sometimes, the only meaning behind a work is one person's passion and artistic expression. Be that as it may, Magritte's work not only captured global audiences, but also inspired many derivative interpretations by those working in mediums from cinema to advertising, music, and many more.

The Inspirer: Rene Magritte

Belgian surrealist René François-Ghislain Magritte (1898-1967) felt painting was something “vaguely magical.” Interestingly, he was only an average student, and during 1922, he mainly drew motifs for wallpaper.

According to Magritte, his strongest influence was the work of Greek/Italian surrealist painter and sculptor Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978), mainly the artist's 1914 painting “Song of Love.” As Chirico, Magritte often chose ordinary things as subjects of his art, from trees to chairs, doors, tables, windows, shoes, shelves, apples, as well as people and landscapes. His work was seen as a perfect reproduction of the inexplicable quality of dreams, which naturally lead to it being termed surrealistic.

Magritte rejected the supposed spontaneity of automatism as inauthentic, because it appeared to be contrived and mechanical. Instead, he worked with images that often appeared stiffly conventional at first sight, but which were given a bizarre, dream-like quality by wildly impossible juxtapositions and changes of scale. Magritte placed images next to each other and used them repeatedly in various combinations. The apple, the wall, and the anonymous man wearing a bowler hat were combined without having an obvious relationship.

+ View René Magritte's “Golconde,” “The Man with the Bowler Hat,” and “The Son of Man,” paintings that serve as the origins of this analysis.


J. McTiernan's “The Thomas Crown Affair” (1999) features a scene with a dozen men wearing bowler hats, one of whom is shown here. Photo © MGM Studios.

This movie poster for David Cronenberg's “Naked Lunch” (1991) is created in a surreal style, expressing anonymity via a typewriter covering a man's face.

David McKean's design of rock band's Counting Crows “This Desert Life” album cover is another homage to Magritte with a bowler hat man
and a fish bowl covering his face.

The Imitators

“The Thomas Crown Affair” (1999)

In a film directed by John McTiernan, Thomas Crown (Pierce Brosnan) is a self-made billionaire who can buy anything he wants. Yet there are things that money can't buy, and Crown has run out of challenges. When someone walks out of a museum with a priceless Monet, the New York police have no suspects, but Catherine Banning (René Russo), a brilliant insurance investigator hired to retrieve the painting, is the only person who sees the connection between the stolen art and Crown. A cat-and-mouse chase ends up in a intriguing romance.

Wesley Snipes as the Day Walker in Blade.
+ Magritte's bowler hat men are everpresent throughout "The Thomas Crown Affair." Watch a scene entitled "A Parting Gift," where another mysterious Magrittesque stranger delivers a painting to Rene Russo's character.

It is ingenious that a film where the storyline is linked to art uses art as a source of inspiration in designing complex scene sequences. The final act of “The Thomas Crown Affair” includes a dramatic, smartly edited sequence which takes place in a museum and features a herd of Crown look-alikes — businessmen dressed in black suits with bowler hats. It is as if Magritte's paintings come to life; near-identical men cross and criss-cross the museum galleries under in front of hopelessly confused security officers. The sequence is clearly inspired by Magritte's paintings — “The Man with the Bowler Hat,” “Golconde,” and “Son of Man” — and one can even make a strong argument that the confusion of those looking for Crown amidst the bowler hat men is similar to the public's initial reaction to Magritte's originals.


“Naked Lunch” (1991)

David Cronenberg's “Naked Lunch” is an adaptation of William Burroughs's book about the sex and drugs culture, the most famous underground book of the 20th century. “Naked Lunch” follows the rules of surrealism with dreamlike imagery that is complex and intriguing. It is unsurprising that one of the film's posters pays homage to a great surrealist, with Magritte-like imagery of a bowler hat man. Instead of the traditional apple or bird covering the man's face, the object of choice was a typewriter which fit the film's storyline.

Wesley Snipes as the Day Walker in Blade.
+ The same Magritte-like imagery was used from the official “Naked Lunch” poster to its original soundtrack (music by Ornette Coleman and Howard Shore).


“This Desert Life” by Counting Crows

Counting Crows became an overnight sensation in 1994. A year earlier, they were an unknown rock group like many others, until they were chosen by Robbie Robertson to stand in for the absent Van Morrison at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. “This Desert Life” (Geffen Records, 1999) was an album providing the best individual songs in the band's repertoire, including “Hangin around,” “Mrs. Potter's Lullaby,” and “Speedway.” This album's cover was designed by the contemporary, highly acclaimed surrealist David Mckean. Drawing a parallel between the CD cover and Magritte's "Son of Man" (and its many derivatives) is unavoidable.

Wesley Snipes as the Day Walker in Blade.
+ David McKean's main CD cover design (left) and an additional piece of art created for the Counting Crows “This Desert Life” are both reminiscent of Magritte in subject matter and degree of surrealism. (Images courtesy of DREAMLINE)

 

 

» All cinema posters and music covers used for information purposes only, © of respective owners.


+ analysis by Adriana de Barros, about the author




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